Solar power system for Nepali homes — panels, inverter & battery working together to eliminate load shedding | BandhuFintech 2026
Still suffering through 8–16 hours of load shedding every day? Solar energy has become the most practical, cost-effective solution for Nepali households in 2026. This guide covers the best solar panels, inverters, and complete kits available in Nepal — with real prices, AEPC subsidy details, ROI calculations, and exactly where to buy them.
Nepal has extraordinary solar potential — over 300 sunny days per year in many regions and an average of 4.5–6.5 peak sun hours daily. Yet millions of households still rely on diesel generators and candles due to NEA's grid instability. In 2026, with solar panel prices dropping 18% from 2024 levels and AEPC subsidies still active, there has never been a better time to go solar in Nepal.
๐ Table of Contents
- Why Solar Is the Best Load Shedding Solution in Nepal 2026
- Solar Panel Prices in Nepal – What You'll Pay in 2026
- Best Solar Panels for Home in Nepal
- Best Solar Inverters for Nepal (Hybrid + Off-Grid)
- Complete Solar Kits for Home Nepal – Recommended Packages
- AEPC Solar Subsidy Nepal 2026 – How to Apply
- Full Cost & ROI Analysis for Nepali Households
- Quick Comparison – All Products Side by Side
- Where to Buy Solar Equipment in Nepal
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Final Verdict & Recommendation
Why Solar Is the Best Load Shedding Solution in Nepal in 2026
Nepal's power crisis has many layers. While NEA has made progress in generation capacity, distribution losses, maintenance backlogs, and monsoon-season shortfalls still leave urban and rural households with 6–18 hours of power cuts daily in many districts outside the Kathmandu Valley.
A rooftop solar system solves this problem permanently. Unlike a diesel generator — which costs Rs 600–900 per litre to run and creates noise and pollution — a solar setup has near-zero running costs after installation. Over a 25-year panel lifespan, the savings are dramatic.
๐ Nepal's Solar Advantage – Key Facts
- Solar irradiation: Nepal receives 3.6–6.2 kWh/m²/day depending on region — excellent for solar generation
- Best regions: Mustang, Pokhara, Chitwan, Butwal, and the Terai belt get the highest solar yield
- Kathmandu: Average 4.8 peak sun hours — sufficient for a well-sized home system
- Government support: AEPC subsidies, soft loans via Rural Energy Fund, and RETs programme still active in 2026
- Grid tie-in: NEA now accepts net metering in select urban areas — you can sell excess power back to the grid
- Price trend: Tier-1 solar panels have dropped ~18% in Nepal vs 2024 due to global manufacturing scale-up
Solar Panel Prices in Nepal – What You'll Pay in 2026
Solar panel prices in Nepal vary significantly based on wattage, brand, cell technology (monocrystalline vs polycrystalline vs bifacial), and whether you buy from an authorized dealer or the grey market. Below is the current price range for the most common configurations:
| Panel Type / Capacity | Technology | Price Range (NPR) | Efficiency | Best For |
| 100W Mono Panel | Monocrystalline | Rs. 8,000 – 11,000 | 18–20% | Small loads, lights, fans |
| 150W Mono Panel | Monocrystalline | Rs. 12,000 – 16,000 | 19–21% | TV + lights + phone charging |
| 200W Mono Panel | Monocrystalline | Rs. 16,000 – 22,000 | 19–21% | Medium home use |
| 330W Mono Perc | Mono PERC | Rs. 26,000 – 33,000 | 20–22% | Standard home system |
| 400W Mono PERC | Mono PERC | Rs. 30,000 – 40,000 | 21–22% | Most popular for homes |
| 500W Bifacial | Bifacial PERC | Rs. 40,000 – 52,000 | 21–23% | Larger homes, commercial |
| 550W Half-Cut | Half-Cut Mono | Rs. 44,000 – 58,000 | 21–22% | Space-constrained rooftops |
| Complete 1kW System | Panel+Inverter+Battery | Rs. 1,20,000 – 1,60,000 | — | Small 2–3 room home |
| Complete 3kW System | Panel+Inverter+Battery | Rs. 3,20,000 – 4,20,000 | — | Average Nepali household |
| Complete 5kW System | Panel+Hybrid Inverter+Battery | Rs. 5,50,000 – 7,50,000 | — | Large home / small business |
Prices include VAT (13%). Installation charges (Rs 15,000–40,000) and wiring costs are additional. Always request an itemized quote from your installer.
Best Solar Panels for Home in Nepal (2026)
Nepal's market is flooded with cheap, uncertified panels from China. We've evaluated only panels with IEC 61215 & IEC 61730 certification, proper Nepal dealer networks, and realistic performance warranties. Here are the top picks:
Waaree 400W Monocrystalline PERC Panel
Rs. 34,000 – 38,000 / panelWaaree is India's largest solar manufacturer and the most widely distributed Tier-1 brand in Nepal. Their 400W Mono PERC panel delivers the best balance of efficiency, durability, and after-sales support in the Nepali market in 2026.
| Rated Power | 400Wp (±3% tolerance) |
| Cell Technology | Monocrystalline PERC — better low-light performance |
| Efficiency | 21.3% — one of the highest in this price range |
| Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) | 49.5V |
| Frame | Anodized aluminum, anti-corrosion — suitable for Nepal's hilly humidity |
| Certifications | IEC 61215, IEC 61730, CE, BIS — AEPC approved |
| Temperature Coefficient | -0.35% / °C — performs well even in summer heat |
| Performance Warranty | 25 years linear power output guarantee |
| Product Warranty | 12 years materials & workmanship |
| Nepal Distributor | Shangrila Energy, Kathmandu; available across 25 districts |
✔ Pros
- AEPC-approved — subsidy-eligible
- Excellent low-light performance (monsoon-friendly)
- Largest service network in Nepal
- 25-year linear performance warranty
- Salt-mist corrosion resistance for Terai region
✖ Cons
- Slightly heavier (21.5kg) — needs strong roof structure
- Not the cheapest option upfront
- Delivery to remote districts takes 2–4 weeks
Adani 330W Mono PERC Panel
Rs. 26,500 – 30,000 / panelAdani Solar has rapidly expanded in Nepal in 2025–26, offering competitive pricing on their 330W Mono PERC panels. These are popular for 1–2kW residential installations where budget is a priority without sacrificing quality.
| Rated Power | 330Wp |
| Cell Technology | Monocrystalline PERC |
| Efficiency | 20.3% |
| Frame | Heavy-duty anodized aluminum, IP67 junction box |
| Certifications | IEC 61215, IEC 61730, AEPC approved |
| Performance Warranty | 25 years (80% at year 25) |
| Product Warranty | 10 years |
| Nepal Distributor | Agni Energy, Kathmandu; Lumbini Solar, Butwal |
✔ Pros
- Most affordable Tier-1 panel in Nepal 2026
- Good for 1–2kW starter systems
- AEPC-approved for subsidy
- Strong IP67 junction box
✖ Cons
- Slightly lower efficiency vs Waaree 400W
- Service centers limited outside Kathmandu & Terai
Longi Hi-MO 6 500W Bifacial Panel
Rs. 44,000 – 52,000 / panelLongi is the world's largest solar manufacturer and their Hi-MO 6 bifacial series is making inroads in Nepal's premium residential and commercial segment. Bifacial panels generate power from both sides — the rear side captures reflected light from rooftop surfaces, boosting total output by 5–15%.
| Rated Power | 500W (front) + up to 75W bifacial gain |
| Cell Technology | Bifacial Monocrystalline PERC |
| Efficiency | 22.8% — among the highest available in Nepal |
| Bifacial Gain | 5–15% additional output from reflected light |
| Frame | Double-glass frameless (hail and wind resistant) |
| Certifications | IEC 61215, IEC 61730, UL, CE, TรV |
| Performance Warranty | 30 years (82.5% at year 30) |
| Product Warranty | 12 years |
| Nepal Dealer | Select authorized importers — verify at Longi Nepal website |
✔ Pros
- Highest efficiency available under reasonable budget
- 30-year warranty — longest in Nepal market
- Bifacial gain means more power from same roof space
- Double-glass resists Nepal's monsoon hailstorms
✖ Cons
- Most expensive panel option per unit
- Requires specialized mounting — not all installers handle bifacial
- Limited authorized dealers in Nepal outside Kathmandu
Best Solar Inverters for Nepal in 2026 (Hybrid + Off-Grid)
The inverter is the brain of your solar system. For Nepal's grid situation, a hybrid inverter is usually the best choice — it can use solar, battery, and NEA grid power intelligently, switching seamlessly during load shedding. Off-grid inverters are better for remote areas with no grid connection.
Solis S6 3kW Hybrid Inverter
Rs. 85,000 – 1,00,000Solis is one of the top-selling inverter brands in Nepal in 2026. The S6 Hybrid inverter works seamlessly with the NEA grid and battery storage, automatically switching to solar + battery during load shedding. It includes WiFi monitoring so you can track your system from your phone.
| Type | Hybrid (grid-tied + battery backup + off-grid capable) |
| Rated Power | 3kW (expandable to 6kW with dual MPPT) |
| MPPT Channels | 2 independent MPPT — works with mixed panel orientations |
| Battery Compatibility | Lithium (LiFePO4) and Lead-Acid (AGM/Gel) |
| Max Battery Voltage | 120V DC (supports 48V LiFePO4 battery banks) |
| Efficiency | 97.6% peak conversion efficiency |
| Switchover Time | <20ms — UPS-like switching, no computer restart needed |
| Display & Monitoring | LCD display + Solis Cloud App (WiFi/LAN) |
| Certifications | CE, IEC 62109, INMETRO, VDE — AEPC accepted |
| Warranty | 5 years (extendable to 10 years) |
| Nepal Service | Shangrila Energy & authorized service centers in KTM, PKR, BTW |
✔ Pros
- Sub-20ms switching — safe for computers & medical devices
- Works with both lithium and lead-acid batteries
- Real-time app monitoring (solar generation, consumption, export)
- 2 MPPT handles partial shading well
- Widely serviced in Nepal
✖ Cons
- Higher upfront cost vs basic inverters
- Requires compatible battery BMS for LiFePO4
- Setup needs certified solar installer
Luminous NXG+ 2.5kVA Off-Grid Inverter
Rs. 45,000 – 58,000Luminous is the most popular brand in Nepal's off-grid solar market, particularly for rural and hilly areas where NEA grid connection is unreliable or absent. The NXG+ 2.5kVA is the most sold solar inverter in Nepal's mid-range segment, combining reliability with affordability.
| Type | Off-grid Solar PCU (Power Conditioning Unit) |
| Rated Capacity | 2.5kVA / 2000W |
| Solar Input | Up to 1500W PV input (MPPT charging) |
| Battery | 24V / 48V — compatible with lead-acid and lithium |
| Charging Modes | Solar Priority → Battery → Grid (intelligent switching) |
| Efficiency | 93% peak |
| Switchover Time | <10ms |
| LCD Display | Yes — shows battery level, solar input, load status |
| Certifications | IEC 62040, CE, BIS, AEPC approved |
| Warranty | 2 years (Luminous Nepal service centers nationwide) |
| Nepal Availability | 200+ dealers nationwide — most widely available inverter |
✔ Pros
- Most widely available inverter across all Nepal districts
- Affordable entry price for off-grid homes
- Works without any grid connection
- Simple setup — less technical expertise required
- Fast <10ms switchover time
✖ Cons
- Off-grid only — cannot sell excess power to NEA grid
- 93% efficiency lower than Solis hybrid
- 2-year warranty shorter than competitors
Growatt MIN 5000TL-X Hybrid Inverter
Rs. 1,30,000 – 1,55,000Growatt is gaining significant market share in Nepal's 5kW+ residential and commercial segment. The MIN 5000TL-X is a fully-featured hybrid inverter ideal for larger homes, apartments, or small businesses needing reliable solar backup with advanced monitoring capabilities.
| Type | Hybrid Grid-Tied + Battery Backup |
| Rated Power | 5kW continuous output |
| MPPT Channels | 2 independent MPPT (up to 6kW PV input each) |
| Battery Support | LiFePO4 recommended (48V bank) — Growatt GBLI6531 compatible |
| Efficiency | 97.8% peak — best in class |
| EPS Switchover | <15ms — suitable for computers, server UPS replacement |
| Net Metering | Yes — NEA net-meter compatible in eligible areas |
| Monitoring | ShinePhone App + ShineServer cloud — real-time & historical data |
| Warranty | 5 years standard (10 years optional extended) |
| Nepal Service | Authorized dealers in Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Butwal |
✔ Pros
- 97.8% efficiency — lowest energy waste
- Net metering compatible for KTM Valley users
- Excellent cloud monitoring and mobile app
- Best fit for large homes with ACs and heavy appliances
✖ Cons
- Premium price point
- Requires professional installation only
- Best batteries (LiFePO4) add significant cost
Complete Solar Kits for Home Nepal – Recommended Packages
Most installers in Nepal offer turnkey packages. Below are the three most practical system sizes for Nepali households, with component recommendations and realistic pricing:
๐ฆ Recommended Solar Kits by Home Size
- 1kW Starter Kit (Rs. 1,20,000–1,50,000): 3x Adani 330W panels + Luminous NXG+ 1kVA + 150Ah AGM battery (2 units). Powers: 6 LED lights, 2 fans, TV, phone charging — 6–8 hours backup. Ideal for 1–2 room home or rental apartment.
- 3kW Home Kit (Rs. 3,20,000–4,00,000): 8x Waaree 400W panels + Solis S6 3kW Hybrid + 200Ah LiFePO4 (1 unit 48V). Powers: all lights, fans, 32" TV, fridge, 3 computers — full day backup. Perfect for average Nepali 4–5 room home.
- 5kW Premium Kit (Rs. 5,50,000–7,20,000): 10–12x Waaree/Longi 400–500W panels + Growatt 5kW Hybrid + 100Ah LiFePO4 x 2 (48V). Powers: 1 AC (1-ton), fridge, washing machine, all lights & fans, computers. Best for large family homes or small offices.
AEPC Solar Subsidy Nepal 2026 – How to Get Government Support
The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), under Nepal's Ministry of Energy, offers subsidies and soft loans for solar installation, especially targeting rural and peri-urban households. In 2026, the programme continues with some restructuring.
๐ AEPC Subsidy Programme – Key Details 2026
- Who qualifies: Households in rural VDC/municipality areas without reliable NEA connection, low-income households (Dalit, Janajati, single women), and community institutions (schools, health posts)
- Subsidy amount: Up to 50% of system cost for qualifying rural households; 30% for peri-urban; fixed-rate subsidy on approved system sizes (50W to 600W solar home systems in rural)
- Urban households: Net metering benefit instead of direct subsidy — excess solar power sold back to NEA at Rs 5.04/kWh (2026 rate)
- How to apply: Contact an AEPC-authorized installer in your district (list at aepc.gov.np) — they handle the subsidy paperwork on your behalf
- Approved brands only: Subsidy is only available on AEPC-approved panels and inverters — Waaree, Adani, Kirloskar, Luminous, and several domestic brands qualify
- Rural Energy Fund (REF): Soft loans at 6% per annum via Rural Microfinance Development Centre (RMDC) — ask your installer for referral
- Important: AEPC subsidies are disbursed after installation verification — the installer typically fronts the discount, so verify their authorization first
Full Cost and ROI Analysis for Nepali Households (3kW System)
Let's break down the realistic cost and return on investment for the most common choice: a 3kW hybrid solar system in the Kathmandu Valley.
| Component | Brand / Spec | Quantity | Unit Price (NPR) | Total (NPR) |
| Solar Panels | Waaree 400W Mono PERC | 8 panels | Rs. 36,000 | Rs. 2,88,000 |
| Hybrid Inverter | Solis S6 3kW | 1 unit | Rs. 92,000 | Rs. 92,000 |
| LiFePO4 Battery | 48V 100Ah (5.12kWh) | 1 unit | Rs. 85,000 | Rs. 85,000 |
| Mounting Structure | GI / Aluminum roof mount | 8 panels | Rs. 4,000 | Rs. 32,000 |
| Wiring & DC Protection | DC cables, MC4, fuses, SPD | Complete set | — | Rs. 18,000 |
| AC Distribution Box | MCB panel, earthing | 1 | — | Rs. 8,000 |
| Installation Labour | Certified solar installer | — | — | Rs. 25,000 |
| Total System Cost | Before any subsidy | Rs. 5,48,000 | ||
| AEPC Subsidy (if eligible) | 30–50% rural / net meter urban | Estimated deduction | - Rs. 50,000 – 1,60,000 | |
| Net Cost After Subsidy | Typical urban household | Rs. 3,90,000 – 5,00,000 | ||
Monthly Savings and Payback Calculation
| Saving Category | Before Solar (Monthly) | After Solar (Monthly) | Monthly Saving |
| NEA Electricity Bill | Rs. 3,500 | Rs. 500 (minimum charge) | Rs. 3,000 |
| Diesel Generator Cost | Rs. 4,000 (during load shedding) | Rs. 0 | Rs. 4,000 |
| Candles / Inverter Maintenance | Rs. 800 | Rs. 100 | Rs. 700 |
| Total Monthly Saving | Rs. 8,300 | Rs. 600 | Rs. 7,700 / month |
| Annual Saving | Rs. 92,400 per year | ~Rs. 92,000/yr | |
| Payback Period | ~4.3 years (at Rs 4,00,000 net cost) | ||
After payback in approximately 4–5 years, you enjoy 20+ years of virtually free electricity. A solar system installed in 2026 will still be producing clean power in 2051 — and reducing your carbon footprint by approximately 2.5 tonnes of CO₂ per year.
Quick Comparison – Best Solar Equipment in Nepal 2026
| Product | Type | Capacity | Price (NPR) | Warranty | AEPC? | Best For |
| Waaree 400W PERC | Solar Panel | 400W | Rs. 34,000–38,000 | 25 yr | ✅ Yes | All-round home system |
| Adani 330W PERC | Solar Panel | 330W | Rs. 26,500–30,000 | 25 yr | ✅ Yes | Budget starter system |
| Longi Hi-MO 6 500W | Bifacial Panel | 500W | Rs. 44,000–52,000 | 30 yr | ✅ Yes | Large homes, limited roof |
| Solis S6 3kW Hybrid | Hybrid Inverter | 3kW | Rs. 85,000–1,00,000 | 5–10 yr | ✅ Yes | Urban hybrid system |
| Luminous NXG+ 2.5kVA | Off-Grid Inverter | 2.5kVA | Rs. 45,000–58,000 | 2 yr | ✅ Yes | Rural / off-grid homes |
| Growatt MIN 5000TL-X | Hybrid Inverter | 5kW | Rs. 1,30,000–1,55,000 | 5–10 yr | ✅ Yes | Large home / commercial |
| 3kW Complete Kit | Turnkey System | 3kW | Rs. 3,20,000–4,20,000 | Varies | Eligible | Average Nepali home |
Where to Buy Solar Panels and Inverters in Nepal
Always buy from an authorized dealer to protect your warranty and ensure you receive genuine, certified equipment. Here are the most reliable buying channels in Nepal:
๐ช Shangrila Energy
Kathmandu's largest authorized Waaree and Solis dealer. Showroom in Pulchowk, Lalitpur. Full installation service.
⚡ Lumbini Solar
Leading dealer in Butwal and Terai region. Adani, Luminous, and local brand specialist. Service across western Nepal.
๐ Daraz Nepal
Growing solar marketplace. Best for comparing prices. Stick to verified "Daraz Mall" listings. Inverters and panels both available.
๐ฌ Agni Energy
Kathmandu-based dealer for Adani Solar and Growatt inverters. Offers free site assessment for systems 3kW and above.
๐ AEPC Office
Get the official list of authorized dealers by district at aepc.gov.np — critical if you want subsidy eligibility.
⚠️ How to Avoid Fake / Substandard Solar Panels in Nepal
- Demand the IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 certificates — ask for physical copies, not just verbal assurance
- Check that the panel serial number matches the warranty document — counterfeit panels often have mismatched serials
- Verify the installer is on the AEPC authorized installer list (available at aepc.gov.np) before signing any contract
- Be suspicious of prices more than 20% below market rate — uncertified panels degrade rapidly in Nepal's monsoon conditions
- Ask for a written performance test report after installation — a legitimate installer will provide actual measured output vs rated output
- Never pay 100% upfront — pay 30–50% to start, balance after system is operational and verified
Frequently Asked Questions – Solar Energy in Nepal 2026
What is the solar panel price in Nepal for a home system in 2026?
Solar panel prices in Nepal range from Rs 8,000 for a 100W panel to Rs 52,000 for a premium 500W bifacial panel. A complete 3kW solar kit for an average Nepali home — including panels, inverter, battery, wiring, and installation — costs approximately Rs 3,20,000 to Rs 4,20,000 in 2026. After AEPC subsidy (if eligible), net cost can drop to Rs 2,70,000–3,50,000.
Which is the best solar inverter in Nepal for home use?
For urban Kathmandu Valley homes connected to the NEA grid, the Solis S6 3kW Hybrid Inverter is the top recommendation in 2026 — it handles load shedding seamlessly with sub-20ms switchover. For rural off-grid homes, the Luminous NXG+ 2.5kVA is the most accessible and widely serviced option across Nepal's districts.
How do I apply for the AEPC solar subsidy in Nepal?
You don't apply directly — you contact an AEPC-authorized solar installer in your district (list available at aepc.gov.np). They assess your eligibility, complete the paperwork, and arrange the subsidized installation. Subsidies are generally disbursed after installation verification by an AEPC field officer. Rural households qualify for higher subsidies (up to 50%) vs urban areas.
How long do solar panels last in Nepal's climate?
Quality Tier-1 solar panels (Waaree, Adani, Longi) are rated for 25–30 years in Nepal's climate. Nepal's monsoon humidity and occasional hail can affect cheap, uncertified panels but have minimal impact on certified panels with proper anti-reflective coating and IP67 junction boxes. Annual cleaning and annual inspection are recommended to maintain optimal output.
Can I sell solar power back to NEA in Nepal?
Yes — NEA has a net metering policy active in Kathmandu Valley and select urban areas. Excess solar power fed back to the grid is credited at approximately Rs 5.04 per kWh (2026 rate). You need a hybrid grid-tied inverter (like Solis S6 or Growatt 5kW), a bi-directional meter from NEA, and to register with your local NEA office. The application process takes 4–8 weeks.
Is solar worth it in Nepal for someone on a budget?
Yes — even a 1kW starter system at Rs 1,20,000–1,50,000 pays back in 3–4 years if you currently spend Rs 3,000–4,000 monthly on diesel generators and candles. For households spending Rs 7,000+ per month on load-shedding costs (generator fuel, lead-acid battery replacements, UPS maintenance), the ROI is compelling even at current prices.
What size solar system do I need for my Nepal home?
A simple rule: calculate your daily load (watts × hours used per day = Wh/day). For a typical Nepali home running 6 LED lights (60W), 2 ceiling fans (150W), 1 TV (80W), 1 fridge (100W), and phone chargers (30W) for 8 hours each = approx 3,360 Wh/day. You need a 3kW panel system with 48V/100Ah LiFePO4 battery — the most popular configuration in Nepal in 2026.
Final Verdict – Best Solar Choice for Your Nepal Home
Nepal's chronic load shedding makes solar power not a luxury but a necessity in 2026. Here's the quick-pick summary:
- Best Overall Solar Panel: Waaree 400W Mono PERC — Rs. 34,000–38,000/panel (25-yr warranty, AEPC approved)
- Best Budget Panel: Adani 330W Mono PERC — Rs. 26,500–30,000/panel (best cost-per-watt)
- Best Premium Panel: Longi Hi-MO 6 500W Bifacial — Rs. 44,000–52,000/panel (30-yr warranty, highest efficiency)
- Best Hybrid Inverter (Urban): Solis S6 3kW — Rs. 85,000–1,00,000 (seamless NEA + solar integration)
- Best Off-Grid Inverter (Rural): Luminous NXG+ 2.5kVA — Rs. 45,000–58,000 (widest service network)
- Best Large-Home System: Growatt MIN 5000TL-X + Longi 500W panels — 5kW capable, net-meter ready
- Best Complete Kit for Average Home: 8x Waaree 400W + Solis S6 3kW + 48V LiFePO4 — Rs. 3.5–4.2 lakh total
Contact an AEPC-authorized installer in your district for a free site survey and personalized quote. Always get at least 3 quotes before committing. Your solar journey starts at aepc.gov.np.
We update this solar guide regularly as new products enter Nepal's market and government subsidy rates change. Bookmark this page and share it with anyone still suffering through daily load shedding.
Prices are approximate as of July 2026 and include 13% VAT. Solar panel prices fluctuate with exchange rates. Always verify the latest price with your local authorized dealer or on Daraz Nepal before purchasing.
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